Documentation
What the compounds we sell actually are
One page per compound: what it is, what has been published about it and in which species it was studied. With linked references and no efficacy claims.
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BAC Water
What bacteriostatic water is, and what «bacteriostatic» actually means
Bacteriostatic water is sterile water for injection with an added antimicrobial preservative — usually 0.9% benzyl alcohol — to suppress the growth of contaminants. Suppressing growth is not sterilising: it exists to allow repeated withdrawals from the same vial, not to rescue a contaminated one. Its preservative has a literature of its own, including the neonatal toxicity described as gasping syndrome in 1982.
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BPC-157
What BPC-157 is, and what has actually been studied
BPC-157 is a fifteen-amino-acid peptide isolated from human gastric juice in 1993. Almost all published work on it consists of rodent studies, focused on tendon, muscle and gastrointestinal healing. It is not approved as a medicine in any country and is sold strictly as an in vitro research reagent.
Read the page Reviewed on 10 September 2026
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CJC-1295 DAC
What CJC-1295 with DAC is, and what was actually measured in people
CJC-1295 with a drug affinity complex is a GHRH analogue that binds to albumin after injection, giving it a half-life measured in days rather than minutes. In healthy adults, sustained rises in growth hormone and IGF-I were described. It has no approved indication.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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CJC-1295 no-DAC
What CJC-1295 without DAC is, and why it does not inherit the other one's data
CJC-1295 without the drug affinity complex is the same GHRH-analogue backbone with the part that gave it days of duration removed. The three human publications studied the version with the complex, not this one. A PubMed search returns no trial published under this name.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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DSIP
What DSIP is, and why its name promises what its literature does not support
DSIP was isolated in 1977 from rabbit blood and named the «delta sleep-inducing peptide» after what it was thought to do. Almost fifty years later neither its gene, nor its protein, nor a receptor has been isolated, and the review that sets out the state of the question calls the sleep hypothesis extremely poorly documented. In the only modern controlled study in people, as an adjunct to anaesthesia, it reduced delta rhythm instead of increasing it.
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FOXO4-DRI
What FOXO4-DRI is, and why all its literature is still cells and mice
FOXO4-DRI is a designed retro-inverso peptide, built to disrupt the interaction between the FOXO4 and p53 proteins and thereby trigger selective death of senescent cells. All the literature located, including from 2025 and 2026, is cellular and murine.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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GHK-Cu
What GHK-Cu is, and what happened at twelve weeks in the study everyone cites at six
GHK-Cu is a human tripeptide bound to copper, naturally present in plasma and described as an activator of tissue remodelling. Its literature is preclinical: human fibroblasts in culture and rat models. In the knee study, the effect was transient and had disappeared by twelve weeks.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Glutathione
What glutathione is, and what the trial that actually tested it found
Glutathione is an antioxidant tripeptide the body makes. A six-month randomised trial of oral supplementation raised its body stores, and a month after stopping, levels returned to baseline. The other trials commonly cited supplement its precursors, not the tripeptide.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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IGF-1 LR3
What IGF-1 LR3 is, and what has actually been published about it
IGF-1 LR3 is a potent analogue of insulin-like growth factor 1, modified to escape its binding proteins. The most recent study administering it, in mice, remodelled amyloid plaques but failed to preserve cognitive function. No study in people has been located.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Ipamorelin
What ipamorelin is, and what happened when it was tested in people
Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide that in animals releases growth hormone without raising ACTH or cortisol, which is what "selective" means in its name. It reached a randomised trial in 117 people for a gastrointestinal indication and did not beat placebo. There is no approved human indication.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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KPV
What KPV is, and why almost all its studies are about how to deliver it
KPV is the final tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, with anti-inflammatory potential described in mouse and rat colitis models. Of the papers located, two of three study delivery systems — nanoparticles and a hydrogel — rather than the peptide given as it is.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Melanotan II
What has been published on Melanotan II, and why it is case reports rather than trials
Melanotan II holds no authorisation from any agency. What has been published on its use in people is not clinical trials but case reports: changes in moles, new naevi, and four melanomas described during use or shortly after. The review collecting them also notes that conclusive evidence linking the two is lacking.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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MOTS-c
What MOTS-c is, and the difference between measuring it in people and testing it in people
MOTS-c is a peptide encoded in mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA. In people, what has been measured is how the peptide already circulating in blood changes; the studies where it is administered are in mice. In that same human study, eight weeks of moderate exercise did not change its levels.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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NAD+
What NAD+ is, and why almost all its trials are of precursors
NAD+ is a nucleotide cofactor, not a peptide. The solid randomised trials in people are of its precursors — nicotinamide mononucleotide and riboside — not of administered NAD+. The systematic review of what has been published on NAD and NADH gathered ten studies and 489 participants in total.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Retatrutide
What retatrutide is, and where its research currently stands
Retatrutide is an investigational compound that acts on three receptors at once: GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon. It is the first triple agonist with published phase 2 data in people with obesity, where a mean weight reduction of 24.2% at 48 weeks was reported. It is not approved as a medicine in any country.
Read the page Reviewed on 10 September 2026
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Selank
What Selank is, and what has been studied of it, almost all in rats
Selank is a synthetic analogue of tuftsin, an immunoglobulin fragment. What has been published is mostly rat studies on memory, anxiety and withdrawal, many in Russian journals. It does not appear in the US medicines register and holds no European authorisation.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Semax
What Semax is, and why its literature is hard to check
Semax is a synthetic analogue of the 4-10 fragment of ACTH, without hormonal activity. Almost all of its literature is in Russian journals and in rat models; the only clinical trial located, in acute ischaemic stroke, was controlled but neither randomised nor blinded. It does not appear in the US medicines register.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Sermorelin
What sermorelin is, and why it stopped being sold as a medicine
Sermorelin is the shortest active fragment of growth-hormone-releasing hormone. It was an approved medicine in the United States under the name GEREF, and both of its applications are now listed as discontinued. In children with deficiency, the high dose matched growth hormone on growth velocity but not on every parameter measured.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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TB-500
What TB-500 is, and why its name does not tell you what is in the vial
TB-500 is sold as thymosin beta-4, but that name is used in the literature for two different molecules: the full 43-amino-acid protein and the central actin-binding fragment. What has been published are animal and cell-culture studies, not clinical trials, and there is no approved human indication.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Tesamorelin
What tesamorelin is, and why Europe did not approve it
Tesamorelin is a growth-hormone-releasing factor analogue with real phase 3 trials, in patients with HIV and excess abdominal fat. It is approved in the United States. The European application was withdrawn in 2012, with the committee of the opinion that the benefits did not outweigh the risks.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
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Tirzepatide
What tirzepatide is, and what sets it apart from other incretins
Tirzepatide is the first peptide to act on both the GIP and the GLP-1 receptor, and it is approved as a medicine in the European Union. Its phase 3 trials were run in thousands of people under medical supervision. A research-reagent vial is not that medicine and carries none of the guarantees of the pharmaceutical supply chain.
Read the page Reviewed on 16 September 2026
These pages describe published literature.
They are not medical information, they do not describe a therapeutic use and they do not replace any healthcare professional. Everything sold here is material for in vitro research.
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